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Home schooling : Chronologie de 6 mois d'agitation.
- 28 février
2008 : A l'occasion d'un procès
pour maltraitances ("child abuse")
au sein d'une famille créationniste
de 8 enfants instruits "à la maison",
une
décision de justice limite le droit au "homeschooling" (ou
plus exactement, en rappelle les conditions d'exercice !) :
Seuls les parents possèdant
les diplômes nécessaires seraient autorisés à
pratiquer "l'école à la maison".
- mars 2008 : Toutes
les ligues conservatrices sont sur le pied de guerre.
Et Arnold Schwarzenegger,
suivi par le
"ministre" de l'éducation de l'Etat, les a aussitôt
assurées
de son soutien...
"This outrageous ruling
must be overturned by the courts and if the courts don't protect parents'
rights then, as elected officials, we will."
-
23 juin 2008 : Suite
à un intense lobbying (mail-bombing, harcèlement des medias
et des responsables politiques à quelques mois des élections),
la
Cour d'Appel accepte de réexaminer sa décision du 28 février.
Après
avoir auditionné les parties en présence,
elle
dispose de trois mois pour confirmer ou infirmer sa lecture de la loi concernant
le homeschooling.
-
8
août 2008 :la
Cour d'appel dit que la loi californienne permet - n'interdit pas -
sous certaines conditions, le home schooling,
ce droit des parents pouvant
être supprimé lorsqu’un enfant est "en danger".
Mais ... rappelle que la
déclaration n'étant pas obligatoire,
beaucoup de familles s'en
dispensent, rendant de ce fait toutes statistiques comme tout "contrôle"
parfaitement aléatoires.
Et ... que la loi californienne
a constamment, et depuis des décennies, été contournée
et soumise à "d'"obscurs arrangements" !
Californie : Près
d'un lycéen sur 4 "décroche" entre 15 et 18 ans
(rapport du state Department
of Education - 7 juillet 2008)
DROITS
DES PARENTS CONTRE DROITS DES ENFANTS
MAI
68 - MAI 2008...
Un "débat" actuel
(printemps 2008), en Californie, certes,
mais très intéressant
car il montre très clairement ce qui est en jeu :
là-bas, en grandeur
nature; comme ici à l'état encore embryonnaire.
On y trouve en effet
- et à la source ! - et à l'état brut (c'est
le terme qui convient)
t o u s les
ingrédients (protagonistes, arguments, faux-nez, prétextes,
ruses, esquives et langue de bois)
quant à la "Liberté-de",
quant au (Divin) "Droit-de".
Et bien sûr les hurlements
et lamentations quant aux insupportables "contrôles" concernant l'école
à la maison - l'instruction en Famille.
On y retrouve, aussi, le
rôle de certaines écoles, très privées, "familales"
... ou dites "indépendantes".
Et celui de certaines écoles
"publiques" (charter-schools)
Rigoureusement les mêmes
motifs et pratiques qu'en France ou en Belgique.
États-Unis:
De plus en plus de parents américains chrétiens choisissent
d'éduquer leurs enfants à la maison
George
W. Bush a tout fait pour se concilier les adeptes de l'enseignement à
domicile.
En
période de croissance, il est rentable de prêcher le
«
laissez faire »
parce qu’un gouvernement absentéiste permet le gonflement de bulles spéculatives. Quand ces bulles éclatent, cette idéologie devient un obstacle, et elle se fait discrète pendant qu’un gouvernement fort accourt à la rescousse. Mais soyez assurés qu’elle reviendra vrombissante après le sauvetage. deviendront alors partie intégrante d’un budget global de crise, qui sera le prétexte à des coupes sombres dans les programmes sociaux, et à une incitation renouvelée à la privatisation de ce qu’il reste du secteur public. Californie : Le droit d'instruire ses enfants à domicile ? Si ce droit n’existe pas, ainsi que le dit la Cour, la loi devrait en permettre l’option. Il y a largement de quoi débattre à propos du home schooling, plutôt qu’un nouvel arrêt en vue d’éviter tout risque, et au lieu d’utiliser un seul cas d’un éventuel abus accablant des dizaines de milliers de homeschoolers californiens. La cour d’appel était invitée
à condamner les parents à inscrire leurs huit enfants dans
une école publique ou privée afin d’assurer leur bien-être.
La cour d’appel a justement dit que ce droit n’existe pas. Tout d’abord, le code de l’éducation exige que les enfants soient inscrits dans une école publique ou privée, ou instruits à domicile par un tuteur accrédité. Faute de quoi, les parents ne peuvent le faire. Ce qu’ignore la justice, c’est que depuis des décennies, même la gigantesque bureaucratie californienne a autorisé les parents à enseigner à domicile s’ils se déclarent « école privée ». Les enseignants de ces écoles n’ont pas besoin d’être reconnus pour enseigner à 20 ou 30 élèves. Pourquoi faudrait-il que les parents le soient pour n’enseigner qu’à quelques enfants ? Des écoles publiques et privées
proposent des programmes à leur intention, employant des enseignants
qualifiés pour mettre au point cours, matériel et conseils.
On trouve quelques rares cas d’abus ou
de négligence.
La décision de la cour se trompe quant à l’essentiel : une accréditation des parents n’aurait en rien changé la nécessité, si c’est le cas, de surveiller davantage ces enfants. Des parents diplômés peuvent aussi être de mauvais parents, ou en l’espèce, de mauvais enseignants. Ceci dit, l’obligation d’instruction est
le socle d’une société moderne, et devrait être renforcée.
A right to home school? If no such right exists, as a court ruled,
the Legislature should make it an option.
There is plenty to debate about home schooling, but a new court ruling managed to avoid all reasonable disagreements and instead used a single example of possible child abuse to throw the book at tens of thousands of home schoolers throughout California. The 2nd District Court of Appeal was asked to require the parents of eight children to send them to a regular public or private school, where their welfare could be monitored. A lower court had ruled that the parents had a constitutional right to home school their children. The appellate court correctly ruled that no such right exists. Further, it noted that the state Education Code appears to express distaste for home schooling by requiring children to attend a public or private school or to be taught at home by a credentialed tutor. Without a teaching credential, the court ruled, the parents could not educate their children. What the justices ignored is that, for decades, even the giant bureaucracy of the California Department of Education has allowed parents to teach at home if they file an affidavit stating that they operate a small private school. Private school teachers do not need a credential to instruct a class of 20 or 30 students. Why should parents need one to teach a few children at home? Public and private schools have developed programs to help home schoolers, employing credentialed teachers to provide curricula, materials and advice. "Homeschooling is a wonderful way to individualize your child's learning," reads the website of one such program offered by the Orange County Department of Education. Yet the panel tossed out this option as well. There are rare cases of parents who use home schooling to hide abuse or neglect. Far more common are the stories of responsible parents providing a good education. A home- schooled teenager wrote the bestseller “Eragon,” something a public school homework load alone wouldn't have allowed. The court's overreaching decision failed to address the main point of the case. A parental teaching credential would in no way reduce the need, if there is one, for these children to be more closely monitored. Credentialed teachers can also be bad parents, or, for that matter, bad teachers. That said, compulsory education is a basic of modern society, and it should be enforced. It's time for the Legislature to formally recognize home schooling as an education option and to impose reasonable regulations -- such as a yearly lesson plan or portfolio of student work -- that encourage these schools' individuality and ensure that children aren't home all day watching reruns of "The Andy Griffith Show."
AMERICAN WAY OF LIFE
BRITISH WAY OF LIFE Le "modèle" anglo-saxon, libéral ... et blairo-socialiste... |
Californie
:
Les associations de parents vont devoir financer des postes d'enseignants Depuis 1978 (mais dès 1966, Ronald Reagan devenait gouverneur de Californie !), la forte diminution du financement des écoles publiques, a conduit les associations de parents à devoir financer voyages, classes vertes, équipements sportifs ou informatiques. Aujourd'hui, elles tentent de sauver des postes d'enseignants ! Schwarzenegger ayant encore, au début de l'année 2008, réduit le budget de 4,8 milliards de dollars, 20000 postes sont menacés dans son état. Qui arrive en 46°/50 position en matière
de financement des écoles publiques.
05 10 08 - Arnold Schwarzenegger, le gouverneur de l'Etat de Californie, à court de capitaux, a alerté qu'il pourrait réclamer une aide d'urgence de 7 milliards de dollars. Mercredi 3 octobre, un fonds pour les universités a été gelé, "obligeant 1 000 écoles et collèges à devoir se battre pour payer leurs professeurs", signalait le Wall Street Journal, le 5 octobre 2008.
California public schools seek private money just to cover the basics
High school students wash cars at Peninsula High School to raise money for the Peninsula Education Foundation's Save Our Teachers Now campaign in Rolling Hills Estates Foundations are nothing new, but they're multiplying as huge budgets cuts loom. And beyond enrichment, their goals now are saving teacher positions and keeping class sizes down. South Orange County families are being urged to donate $400 per student to save the jobs of 266 teachers in the Capistrano Unified School District. Parents at Long Beach's Longfellow Elementary are among countless statewide who are launching fundraising foundations. Bay Area parents launched a campaign featuring children standing in trash cans; the theme is "Public Education Is Too Valuable to Waste." A free public school education is guaranteed by the state Constitution to every California child. But as districts grapple with proposed state funding cuts that could cause the layoffs of thousands of teachers and inflate class sizes, parents are being asked to dig deeper into their pocketbooks to help. "Public education is free, but an excellent public education is not free at this point," said Janet Berry, president of the Davis Schools Foundation, which recently launched the Dollar-a-Day campaign, urging citizens of the city near Sacramento to donate $365 per child, grandchild or student acquaintance. But "we never really imagined the magnitude of the problem, the budget cuts, would be this great." Educators must finalize their budgets for the next school year before Sacramento votes on the state's spending plan. Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger's proposed budget would cut about $4.8 billion in education funding this year and next. As a result, potential layoff notices have been issued to 20,000 teachers, librarians, nurses and others. In addition to increasing class sizes, school districts across the state are considering closing schools, eliminating International Baccalaureate and Advanced Placement courses and doing away with sports. School districts have long trotted out worst-case scenarios in an effort to sway lawmakers before they vote on the budget; this year, however, educators and politicians say lean times are ahead. Public school district fundraising foundations were first formed after voter approval in 1978 of Proposition 13, which limited property tax increases and dramatically reduced school finances. Those groups have long helped parents in affluent areas enrich their children's public school educations in ways that include field trips, music classes and such expensive classroom equipment as digital cameras, scientific robots and laptops. Today, such groups are fighting to pay for the basics: teachers' jobs, manageable class sizes, nurses. "It's gone beyond frills at this point," said David Wagman, president of the Peninsula Education Foundation, which is asking Palos Verdes parents for $200 per child to save the jobs of 59 teachers. PTAs and students are also holding fundraisers. Education officials acknowledge that these fundraising groups are more successful in wealthier areas, increasing the divide between the haves and the have-nots. And they can make financially strapped parents in affluent districts feel like second-class citizens. Achievement gap "Parents in well-to-do communities can raise significant sums of money to augment their local schools' budgets, while schools in low-income neighborhoods fall further behind," said state Supt. of Public Instruction Jack O'Connell. "This is part of the reason that we have an achievement gap in California. We have an economic and moral imperative to close this gap." In the Anaheim City School District, four of every five students qualify for free or reduced-price lunches, a poverty indicator. A district volunteer-led foundation raises about $50,000 annually through employee contributions and fundraisers to send all sixth-graders to overnight science camp in the San Bernardino Mountains. The Anaheim parents are never asked to do more than volunteer for small fundraisers, such as bake sales or selling gift wrap or entertainment books. "It's not even a consideration to be able to ask them for money," said district spokeswoman Suzi Brown. "When we look at what other districts are doing, they've got foundations that have paid staff. We don't compete with that at all. We are in a completely different league." David Long, California's education secretary, acknowledged the inequity but said money from nonprofit organizations and federal funds earmarked for poorer schools help level the playing field somewhat. However, he said the only way to fix the state's finances is for the Legislature to approve Schwarzenegger's budget stabilization act, which would put away surplus revenue during economic booms for use in leaner times. "We do not want to continue to have these conversations" about cuts, he said. "It's hurtful for the children of California." Meanwhile, more than 600 foundations across the state are raising money for public schools and districts, said Susan Sweeney, executive director of the California Consortium of Education Foundations. In recent months, she has seen an increase in the number of calls from parents interested in starting such groups. Longfellow Elementary parents in Long Beach are among them. After learning of the potential state budget cuts, combined with the loss of some federal funding, parents decided to create the Longfellow Legacy Foundation. Jim Zellerbach, a co-founder with two children at the school, said the group hopes to boost campus coffers by the 2009-10 school year, too late to stop anticipated cuts to the school nurse, librarian and other programs expected in the coming school year. Longtime foundations are also stepping up their efforts. The Irvine Public Schools Foundation, which raises $3 million annually and has raffled off a house each year since 2004, is convinced that state cuts are only going to slice closer to the bone in coming years. To prepare, the group is launching a university-like fundraising effort this fall, complete with an endowment. "The only way to take good districts and make them great is to do private fundraising. But it's even more urgent now with the terrible budget cuts," said Jerry Mandel, the foundation's chief operating officer. Even in rosier financial times, parents are bombarded with requests for money for proms and yearbooks, field trips and gym clothes. And they get fed up. Jill Case, whose son is a senior at Aliso Niguel High School in Aliso Viejo, said she spends $100 to $200 at the start of each school year and writes frequent additional checks throughout the year. Case, who runs a nonprofit organization that helps disabled children and senior citizens, said she does not think she can afford to write a $400 check to the foundation of the school district, Capistrano Unified. "There's an assumption that everyone here is rich and what's the big deal," said Case, of Laguna Niguel. "But there are families that are struggling. That's what bothers me the most. The truth is, I've been struggling too. You always come up with something for your kids. You don't want them to feel left out. . . . That's not the way it's supposed to be in public schools." Those concerns are driving the second goal of foundations across the state: raising public awareness of how schools are funded in California. The state ranks 46th in the nation in per-pupil spending. Schools in the Alameda Unified School District have reduced their budgets by $7.7 million in seven years. So when community members learned that the governor's proposed budget would mean an additional $4.5 million in cuts next year, they placed a parcel tax for schools on the June ballot, their second in four years. The proposal, which would expire in four years if approved, would create a $120 annual levy on residential properties and would charge businesses $120 to $9,500, depending on size. Trash can campaign To raise awareness, a parent who runs an ad agency created the "Step Up" campaign. Students, teachers and coaches have perched inside trash cans around Alameda, with signs reading "Our students / teachers / coaches are too valuable to throw away." Similar mottoes were placed on city garbage trucks, trash bins and T-shirts. When Schwarzenegger attended a conference Wednesday at the Hornet, an aircraft carrier now docked in Alameda as a museum, 200 parents, students and teachers protested. "There's nothing like showing up when the governor's there and sticking real kids and real teachers in trash cans," said Brooke Briggance of the Alameda Education Foundation, "and saying, 'You know what? This is what you're doing.' "
Californie : Deux universitaires contestent l'interprétation
du "Los Angeles Times" au sujet de la récente
décision de la Cour d'Appel, visant à rappeler que l'école
est obligatoire.
... Et que le homeschooling ne peut être qu'une exception : soumise à des règles, et des contrôles. Ce que l'éditorial du L.A.T. admet d'ailleurs volontiers... Tandis que le "Wall
Street Journal", qui a pourtant bien d'autres sujets d'inquiètude
en ce moment, s'en indigne, fustigeant le "lobby syndical enseignant" qui
approuve la décision de justice.
L'arrêt de la cour a raison d’examiner une pratique visiblement élitiste et bornée. By Walter P. Coombs and Ralph E. Shaffer
(professeurs émérites, California State
Polytechnic University, Pomona)
Une cour d’appel californienne a semé la terreur dans les rangs des partisans du home schooling en disant que leurs enfants ne pouvaient être gardés à la maison sans un minimum de surveillance. Les ennemis de l’école publique interprètent cette décision
comme une attaque massive contre le concept de home schooling.
Dans la décision en question, il s'avère que les parents ne respectent pas le minimum de règles établies par la Californie en matière de home schooling. L’inscription dans une école publique est obligatoire selon la loi de l’État, mais le code de l’éducation permet une exception pour les enfants fréquentant une école privée ou ceux gardés à la maison par un enseignant qualifié. Si les parents avaient bien inscrit leurs huit enfants dans une école
privée, la Cour a constaté qu’ils ne la fréquentaient
pas.
La décision a semé l’angoisse parmi les familles qui craignent
devoir démontrer que le home schooling peut correctement
remplacer la fréquentation d’une institution publique.
Il est temps que les californiens comprennent qu’il n’y que peu de règles concernant le homeschooling et pratiquement aucun garde-fou pour s’assurer que des sujets correspondant à l’âge des enfants leur sont bien enseignés. Par ailleurs, existe une formidable mini-industrie (2) aux mains des conservateurs évangéliques proposant du matériel « convenable » pour les enfants instruits en famille. Les charter-schools (à but lucratif) spécialisées dans le home schooling, - et récoltant vos taxes dans ce but - ont non seulement obscurci le concept de home schooling mais ulcéré les enseignants qui voient le budget éducation détourné des écoles traditionnelles. Si les forums autour du homeschooling sont un indice des opinions des parents d’enfants instruits en famille, leur progéniture reçoit une leçon d’éducation civique extrêmement perverse. Commentaires représentatifs parmi les harangues criardes sur
internet :
Il est évident que la majorité de ceux enseignant leurs enfants en face de la TV le font parce qu’ils ne veulent pas que leurs enfants soient soumis à d’aussi dangereux sujets que l’évolution, l’avortement, le réchauffement du globe, l’égalité des droits, et autres idées incompatibles avec les mantras évangéliques. Se joignant aux partisans du home schooling et à
leur porte-parole fondamentaliste : A.. Schwarzenegger, auto-proclamé
expert en éducation, et dont le dernier exploit a été
de réclamer des coupes budgétaires dans le budget éducatif.
Les éditorialistes du L.A.T. ne comprennent pas
non plus l’arrêt.
D’autre part, la cour remarquait que les enseignants du secteur privé étaient supervisés par leur direction, et que ces administrateurs tenaient à ce que leurs enseignants soient compétents afin que leurs écoles soient reconnues par le Code de l’éducation. Les éditorialistes prétendent également que
la cour conteste le droit pour les écoles publiques ou privées
d’offrir des programmes pour homeschoolers.
Il y est question aussi des merveilleux résultats du homeschooling.
«
dans de rares cas, des parents peuvent pratiquer le homeschooling
pour cacher négligence ou abus. Dans la plupart des cas, ce sont
des récits de parents responsables assurant une bonne éducation
»
Et l’édito se termine par un appel pour que la loi autorise le homeschoolingsans compétences parentales, avec une réglementation raisonnable comme par exemple un plan de leçons obligatoires ou un portfolio. Ces exigences seraient acceptables par certains parents, mais internet serait submergé de lettres furieuses disant que précisément ils ont choisi le homeschooling pour échapper aux contrôles bureaucratiques ! Il y a toujours eu quelque chose de résolument élitiste
et anti-démocratique dans le homeschooling.
D’ailleurs, il apparaît clairement, à entendre les hurlements
de l’extrême-droite que l’idée-force du homeschooling
est de n’enseigner que ce qui est acceptable par leurs idéologues
qui craignent la contamination de ce que nous convenons de nommer une éducation
« libérale ».
BLOWBACK Regulating home schoolers A court ruling is right to examine the seemingly elitist and illiberal practice. A California appellate court has struck terror in the ranks of home schooling advocates by ruling that their children can't be taught at home without at least some oversight. Public education foes see this as an all-out attack on the concept of home schooling. That is not the case. And members of The Times editorial board didn't get it right either. In the decision (pdf) in question, the parents did not meet even the meager requirements for home schooling that California has established. While enrollment in a public school is required by state law, the Education Code permits an exception for those attending private schools or those taught at home by a credentialed teacher. Though the parents had technically enrolled their eight children in an existing private school, the court found that the children were not attending it. In fact, they were schooled at home by parents not qualified to teach the kids in subjects appropriate to their age and grade level. The decision has caused anguish among families who fear that they may now be required to demonstrate that home schooling is an adequate replacement for their children's attendance at a public institution. The court's decision means that home schoolers must be given some substantive instruction in social studies and not simply spend their time watching Fox with its strange assortment of oddballs pontificating on current events. It's time Californians realized that there are few regulations regarding home schooling and virtually no safeguards to make certain that subjects appropriate to the age group are taught. On the other hand, there is a formidable cottage industry run by conservative evangelicals that provides "suitable" materials for home schoolers. For-profit charter schools specializing in "home schooling" -- and collecting your tax dollars while doing it -- have not only cast a cloud over the concept of home schooling but have rankled teachers who see the state's limited education dollars being diverted from traditional schools. If home schooling forums on the Web are indicative of the views held by parents of learn-at-home kids, their offspring are getting an extremely warped lesson in civics. Typical of the shrill screed now running on the Internet are these comments: "This [ruling] is a good example of bureaucratic tyranny! Kiss liberty good-bye, people." Another wrote: "Perhaps the judge could be impeached for incompetence. Else Christian families need to flee California." And: "This is another example of how socialist mentality destroys our God-given rights as parents." It's evident that the vast majority who teach their offspring in front of the television do so because they don't want their children to be subjected to such dangerous doctrines as evolution, abortion, global warming, equal rights and other ideas abhorrent to the evangelical mantra. Weighing in on the side of home schoolers and their fundamentalist spokesman, James Dobson of Focus on the Family, is Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, that self-proclaimed expert on education whose latest action has been to recommend steep cuts for K-12 schools. The governor denounced the ruling as outrageous and vowed to overturn it. He must believe that the state's policy of providing no control over home schooling is just fine. The Times editorial board misunderstood the ruling too. To start, we find no place in the ruling where the court "noted that the state Education Code appears to express distaste for home schooling." Then, the editorial goes on to say, "Private school teachers do not need a credential to instruct a class of 20 or 30 students. Why should parents need one to teach a few children at home?" That's a good question. But the court offered an equally good answer: In an earlier case, the court held that it is "unreasonably difficult and expensive for a state to supervise parents who instruct children in their homes" but that oversight of teachers in organized private schools is less difficult and expensive. Furthermore, the court noted that teachers in private schools would be supervised by the people who run the schools, and those administrators would want to make sure that their instructors were competent so that their private schools would qualify under the state Education Code. The board also claims that the courts "tossed out" the option of public and private school independent study programs to help home schoolers. Not so! What the court said was that the Education Code provides for independent study through a school district or a county office of education, but the purpose is to provide students with educational opportunities during travel or in subjects not offered in the school curriculum. The court said this clause clearly did not apply to a mother's home schooling of her kids. The Times' editorial refers to the wonderful accomplishments of home schooling: "There are rare cases of parents who use home schooling to hide abuse or neglect. Far more common are the stories of responsible parents providing a good education." One anecdotal case of a home schooled teen writing a bestselling novel is cited, with the implication that such a remarkable achievement could not possibly have been attained because of the demanding homework assignments given by our public schools. Sounds like the board believes our traditional schools are overworking the kids -- which is not what most critics say. Isn't a major argument for home schooling based on the belief that the public schools aren't demanding enough? Finally, in its call for the Legislature to enact laws providing for home schooling, apparently without credentialed teachers, the editorial wants "reasonable regulations," citing as examples required lesson plans or a student portfolio of work. Those regulations might be acceptable to some of the learn-at-home parents, but the Internet will be full of angry letters from home schoolers saying all that bureaucratic regulation is what they wanted to escape by teaching their children at home. There has always been something decidedly elitist and anti-democratic in home schooling. It smacks of a belief that privileged children should not have to associate with the other kids in the neighborhood and that by staying home, they would not be subjected to the leavening effect of democracy. Moreover, it is apparent from the cries of the far right that there has been a specific policy in home schooling -- to teach only the ideas acceptable to ideologues who fear the contaminating influence of what is commonly known as a liberal education. Walter P. Coombs and Ralph E. Shaffer are professors emeriti at
Cal Poly Pomona.
L'Afrique, peu pollueuse, paie le prix fort du réchauffement climatique Les changements climatiques auront un impact sans précédent sur le développement, dont d'importants revers en matière de réduction de la pauvreté, de nutrition, de santé et d’éducation. Le revenu par habitant devrait baisser d'un quart en Afrique sub-saharienne. ...qui émet moins de dioxyde de carbone (CO2), le principal gaz à effet de serre, que l'état du Texas à lui tout seul. La Californie
(395 millions de tonnes de CO2) pollue plus que 106 pays en développement
|
| LE
GUIDE-ANNUAIRE | Commande
| Commande express
| Documentation|
Présentation
| SOMMAIRE
|
| Le
nouveau sirop-typhon : déplacements de populations ? Chèque-éducation
? ou non-scolarisation ? |
| Pluralisme
scolaire et "éducation alternative" | Jaune
devant, marron derrière : du PQ pour le Q.I. |
| Le
lycée "expérimental" de Saint-Nazaire |
Le
collège-lycée "expérimental" de Caen-Hérouville
|
| L'heure
de la... It's time for ... Re-creation | Freinet
dans (?) le système "éducatif" (?)
|
| Changer
l'école | Des
écoles différentes ? Oui, mais ... pas trop !
| L'école
Vitruve |
| Colloque
Freinet à ... Londres | Des
écoles publiques "expérimentales" |
| 68
- 98 : les 30 P-l-eureuses | Et
l'horreur éducative ? |